Reasons for Slow Human Development in India

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 Human Development Failed to Keep Pace with Economic Development in India


Owing to the economic progress made in key areas like IT, agriculture, etc, India is ranked 5th in the world as per it's GDP in 2023. However, India's ranking in Human Development Index in 132nd position in 2021-2022 shows that human development has failed to keep pace with the economic development of the country, which can be due to various reasons.

Reasons for Slow Human Development in India



1. Social Discrimination: Discrimination based on caste, class, ethnicity, gender or religion stuns the growth and development of the marginalized.

2. Outdated Curriculum: The curriculum followed in educational institutions and the current demand of industries are not in sync with each other which forces people to opt for low paying jobs which further hampers their standard of living and their development.

3. Expensive Services: Basic amenities like electricity, clean water, education institutions, internet services, etc provided by public authorities are either not available in remote areas or are not of good quality standard, this forces people to either compromise with the quality or opt for expensive services provided by private alternatives which bars many poor families from their development.

4. Slow Agrarian Reforms: Issues faced by agriculture sector in the form of disguised unemployment, seasonal unemployment, low income and dependence on traditional techniques of farming, especially among small and landless farmers, leads to their insufficient development.

5. Social Tension: Cases of communal violence, ethnic violence and anti-national activities diverts government's and public's focus from human development and effective resource allocation. This also creates an unsafe and unfruitful environment for adequate human development.

6. Gender Inequality: As per 2023 Report by UN Women, India has 'low' women empowerment and gender parity. Patriarchal notion of assigning gender roles restricts women participation and their development. Inadequate integration of transgenders into mainstream restricts their development.



Steps that can be taken to address this issue


 • There is a need of more penetration of welfare schemes like Ujjwala scheme, Awas Yojna, Har Ghar Jal, etc especially in remote areas so more people can benefit from this.

 • Infrastructural development like railways, highways, internet connectivity, building medical and education institutions, etc should also be taken to rural and remote areas as this will have long term effect on human development.

 • Government can consider making rural postings compulsory for healthcare and teaching professionals and giving them regular training to sensitise them about the ground realities and train them so they can effectively provide services and distribute available resources thus contributing to people's development.

 • More investment should be made in education and skill training and more promotion of initiatives like Atal Tinkering Lab, INSPIRE, KIRAN, MANAK, etc.

Human development leads to more economic and social development of the country. Collaborative efforts of government and society are required to ensure human development keeps pace with the country's economic development and doesn't lead to economic disparity.

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